Management of Human Resource Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The board of Human Resource - Assignment Example An organization with a decent HRM that guarantees enrolling the best representatives, holding the best performing workforce and granting them may have an edge undoubtedly (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2012). Organizations, for example, Apple have had the option to hold their best representatives and guaranteeing serious pay. This has caused the organization to have an upper hand in the cell phone industry. Arranging is basic to increasing an upper hand. Human asset the executives should capably make vital arrangements that will support the firm for a considerable length of time. Arranging is basic since it guarantees working of the limit and ability of the representatives (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2012). This may assume an essential job in accomplishing maximum capacity. Arranging may additionally help in accomplishing a serious association conduct, settling on noteworthy choices, for example, recruiting experienced experts, deciding serious compensation and strategies, deciding serious preparing programs and guaranteeing worker relations. To individuals from the association, human asset the executives should manage issues that may improve worker remuneration, making a decent workplace and issuance of long haul contracts subsequently boosting employees’ assurance and raising their certainty (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2012). Further, human asset the executives should progress in the direction of the business congruity, support money related returns and assemble an alluring business name that can intrigue or rather reward the organization proprietors or financial specialists. Likewise, customers’ issues ought to be organized by the human asset the executives by empowering ingenuity, bringing down costs of items and guaranteeing both dependability and quality (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2012). Human asset the board ought to likewise endeavor to adjust a sorted out critical thinking capacity among representatives just as raising trust among the workers. This may have a general bit of leeway on the organi zation

The Day My Life Changed Essay -- essays papers

The Day My Life Changed I ventured through the entryway to my grandma and granddad's home without even a thump. My grandpa gazed upward from the TV he was viewing, from his comfortable comer seat. He had a head of frigid white hair sparkling in the room. Over his wide body, hung a naval force blue dress shirt and a fluffy cardigan sweater. He wore slacks, held up clumsily by a belt, permitting his little potbelly to hang over it. His face indicated the long periods of stress and stress, and his white shaggy eyebrows and developing second jaw demonstrated his mature age. His grin welcomed me. As I gravitated toward to him, his maturing arms connected and folded over my body and maneuvered me into a warm cherishing embrace. As he discharged me from the embrace, I stated, Grandpa, I have some news I need you to hear as I thudded down in the seat next to him. I needed to tell you that I am getting hitched, I let him know. The room was left in a dead quietness, solidified for a short timeframe, as we recuperated from the power of the news I had brought him. Going after the remote to kill the TV, my granddad took a gander at me. Before he could state a word, the fervor of an inconspicuous grandma originated from the kitchen. Both our eyes looked toward the bright light and the hints of my grandma's fervor As the energy blurred away, his eyes moved in the direction of mine. Anticipating his remarks, my eyes were open wide. Fervor had filled my body, on account of the news I had recently brought him. Awesome, proceed...

New Student Series Part 6 Chun-Fai Chan COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Series Part 6 Chun-Fai Chan COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Please welcome Chun-Fai Chan to the Class of 2017.  Chun-Fai Chan works in adult education teaching GED-level classes, and hopes to collaborate with various entities  in workforce development after SIPA.  He says that being admitted to SIPA was the happiest moment of my life (not counting his wedding, of course).   Full Name: Chun-Fai Chan Program: Master of Public Administration Concentration: Urban Social Policy Specialization: Management Anticipated Graduation Year:  2017 Hometown: Boston, MA Undergraduate university, major and graduation year: Northeastern University, B.S. Biology 2003 What’s your professional background? Educator/Political Campaign Promoter Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? It is a little of both. My focus the past three years was in adult education teaching GED-level classes to students of diverse, academic backgrounds. I’m interested in gaining experience regarding the workforce development side of adult education in collaboration with non-profits, community organizations, and government entities. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? When I opened the letter online and saw the colorful streamers coming down, I could not believe it. All the hard work of refining my application and rewriting me essays made me feel truly blessed and grateful that it was accepted. Besides my wedding day, it was the happiest moment of my life (so far).   Why did you say yes to SIPA? I knew that SIPA would provide me with the resources, tools, and network to take my career to the next level. The fact that my wife would be working and living with me in New York City made my decision much easier.   What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? I look forward to learning and listening from the SIPA community that have a vast array of perspectives about the world. To have this engagement is something that can be fleeting if not cherished.   Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? Not really. But I know that I have a lot of homework to prepare for the core classes in the fall. I do not intend to take the homework and the upcoming academic work lightly.   What are your goals after SIPA? I hope to play a significant role in a Workforce Development agency and serve as an intermediary who directs government resources and the training needs of private businesses to nonprofit organizations that can provide adult education and career-development services.   If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Make sure that the opportunities and resources I receive will be paid forward to the next person or generation.   Tell us something interesting about yourself: I did sing in an “A Capella” group when I was in high school. This, in turn, led me to moonlight as a MC/wedding singer for a few wedding receptions during the Great Recession. If youd like to participate in the series, please email us at sipa_new@columbia.edu  to share your personal admissions story,  what your summer vacation will entail/did entail, or anything else you think your peers would enjoy reading about! You may submit a blog post of your choosing, or submit the  New Student Survey with pre-populated questions to get you started. And don’t forget  to submit  a photo or two to help us visualize your story!

Character Analysis Bad Boys II Movie Review - 1378 Words

Bad Boys II follows two Narcotics Detectives, Mike and Marcus, investigating the trafficking of ecstasy into Miami. Mike Lowry has tons of money from a trust fund, so he is always wearing very showy clothes and drives a nice car. He is constantly trying to get the ladies and is very reckless with his police work. He does not have any desire to settle down just yet. He is the â€Å"cool† character in the movie. Marcus Burnett is the opposite of his partner. He is a responsible family man who is already settled down and not into taking huge risks anymore. Throughout the movie, he shows how far he is willing to go to keep his family safe. This duo makes for a very interesting movie, because their personality types are so different and tend to†¦show more content†¦They infiltrate Tapia’s mortuary, pretending to be paramedics, and learn that he is using the inside of corpses to transport ecstasy. After obtaining enough evidence, they finally get a search warrant, an d Tapia’s house and the mortuary are raided. The U.S. Coast Guard seizes the money and the drugs. Tapia kidnaps Syd and takes her to Cuba. He demands that he get his money back or she dies. Mike and Marcus, along with other officers and a group of ex Delta agents, travel to Cuba to Tapia’s location. They rescue Syd and wreck Tapia’s compound with the use of RPG’s and automatic weapons. They begin to drive away towards the safety of Guantanamo Bay, but Tapia is following close behind. This turns into an action packed car chase down the side of a Cuban mountain, destroying a lot of property along the way. They make it to Guantanamo Bay, but end up on a live minefield. Tapia is holding Mike at gunpoint, and Syd throws a gun onto a mine and it blows up one of Tapia’s guys. Simultaneously, Marcus shoots Tapia in the head. At the end of the movie, they are all having a nice dinner at Marcus’ house. Mike is actually ready to settle down with Syd an d he begins to show it. Marcus becomes more accepting of Mike and Syd’s relationship and reveals that he will continue to be Mike’s partner. This move is very action packed and gives the viewer multiple instances of an adrenaline rush. It portrays the characters of two rogue cops, which we have discussed inShow MoreRelatedThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words   |  7 Pagessocial sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerability. Contrary to nature-focused beliefs, not all human behaviour comes from an individual’s genetic makeupRead MoreBattle of Britain Essay4211 Words   |  17 PagesBattle of Brita in This film is about the Battle of Britain during World War II. It happened in 1940. This movie was made 29 years later in 1969. The Nazis tried to invade Britain. The Royal Air Force of Britain fought a grave battle against the Nazis to prevent the invasion. Most of the fighting was in the air. There were lots of fighting scenes between the German planes and the RAF and their allies. This film is pretty realistic. I thought that the air battles were pretty realisticRead MoreHuck Finn Essay1835 Words   |  8 PagesFlanagan January 27, 2009 Tarin ii I. Introduction II. Biographical sketch of author A. Past to present B. Experiences and achievements III Plot analysis A. analysis of plot structure 1. Exposition 2. Complication 3. Crisis 4. Climax 5. Resolution B. Theme of plot IV Critical analysis A. Theme 1. Racism 2. Slavery C. Characters D. Atmosphere E. Conflicts Read MoreHow The Environment Affects The Development Of The Individual2423 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelopment of the individual, while opportunities support and assist in the development. This paper will review the effects of the environment on an individual by applying the ecological perspective to the life and experiences main character in the film ‘Slumdog Millionaire’. ‘Slumdog Millionaire’ is a film that features a character, Jamil Malik, who lives in Dubai and is considered an ignorant young boy. Jamil Malik had never went to school or college and would not have known any of the answers for theRead MoreThe Directing And The Setting2027 Words   |  9 PagesSection: On the waterfront opens by introducing small corrupt local that are mobsters that run the docks Hoboken, New Jersey, across the river Manhattan. Terry Malloy, is an incomprehensible boxer in his late twenties, which now he is a petty errand boy for the local mobsters that are the union head of the docks. The local mob uses Terry as a decoy to kill Joey Doyle by drawing Doyle out of his apartment to the roof then the local mobsters push him off the roof. Terry is shocked as he thought theyRead MoreEssay Witchcraft Portrayed in Films6180 Words   |  25 Pagesthrough the Ages, which for the most part involved a series of filmed clips. My project draws not only on my own analysis of the four main films, but briefly discusses others that are similar, and includes theories about media content and consumption as well as comment on how witches have generally been portrayed horror films from a range of textbooks. I have also selected reviews from several knowledgeable websites, and produ ced and conducted my own survey about the four main films which was kindlyRead MoreAgainst Women in Combat Units: An Argumentative Essay2754 Words   |  11 Pagesneurological advancement of the girl child is better than that of boy at birth. However, the boys mature with more muscular development than the girl does. Girls have the ability to excel better in verbal skills while the boy excels better in visual-spatial and mathematics skills. This factor comes into play in their judgmental ability and decision-making process. Additionally, from the home upbringing, the girl is tentatively nurturing while the boy is more aggressive (Louison 67). Aggressiveness is a factorRead MoreThesis: Violence and Mass Communication7788 Words   |  32 PagesHigh School Students of Bulacan State University- Laboratory High School A Thesis Proposal Presented to Ms. Marjorie Miguel College of Arts and Letters Bulacan State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Communication Arts II For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication Major in Broadcasting By Calara, Jerica Mae S.P. Mendoza, Justine Mary Robert A. Navalta, Erl Chak S.J. Panti, Jeaneth D.P. Villalon, Maria Neren E. MarchRead MoreEssay on The Corruption of Media3049 Words   |  13 Pagestelevision viewing and violence. In this paper I’m going to go back to some studies conducted, research their findings, and try to and explain how the results on television violence relate to our children’s latest violent behavior. LITERATURE REVIEW I We as Americans live in a nation where almost all households have at least one television set. Not only is the amount of television being viewed an issue but the content and the lack of parental overview also play an extreme role. In a year, theRead MoreReasons Why Filipinos Love Koreanovelas3837 Words   |  16 Pagesto Heaven started to become a major hit in the Philippines by beating its entire counterpart and once reached 50% level. The next year was became the big success for Jewel in the Palace that televised in GMA 7. Its popularity made their leading characters visit Manila last March 22, 2006 to give thanks for all the supporters of this drama. After Jewel in the Palace, GMA 7 aired My Name is Kim Sam Soon that garnered many awards (AGB Nielsen, 2008). There are two main genres of Korean dramas. The first

Ict And The World Of Sense Objects - 891 Words

Audiovisual education has developed rapidly since the 1920’s by drawing on new technologies of communication. John Amos Comenius (1592–1670), a Bohemian educator, was one of the first to propose a systematic method of audiovisual education. (Audiovisual education, n.d.). Comenius, J. A. prepared a book known as orbit sensulium pictus (the world of sense objects) which contained about 150 pictures on aspects of everyday life. The book is considered to be the first illustrated textbook for children education. (Selvi.D, T. ,2007 Sabarish, P. ,2014) In past educational system, technologies were not vast. In early 1920’s, people were not fully aware of how to make teaching learning environment successful. Even in today’s world, there are†¦show more content†¦Audio-visual aids are the instructional materials through which a person can listen a message and along with that can see the presentation of the given message. Definitions of audio-visual aids: According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, Audio-visual aid is defined as a designed to aid in learning or teaching by making use of both hearing and sight.† (Audiovisual, 2015) According to Good, C.V. â€Å"Audio- visual aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of learning i.e., motivation, classification, stimulation.† as cited Selvi.D, T. in 2007 John, J. G. in 2014 Audio-visual aids include films, projectors, motion pictures, videos, overhead projectors, slide projectors, caption videos, DVD, cartoons etc. According to James, K.S. â€Å"Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic† as cited Selvi.D, T. in 2007 John, J. G. in 2014 In this research there are three basic things that have been focused, effect of audio-visual aids, speaking skills and listening skills. Listening is a basic and the first primary skill to which everyone should be familiar with that in order to getting the idea of speakers. Listening means to pay conscious attention to the sound or voice of the speaker. This skill is also known as passive or receptive skill. Whereas, speaking skill is a second basic primary skill. Speaking is also known as active or productive

Macbeth Illness Motif Free Essays

PD:3 Macbeth Motif: Illness Motif statement: Shakespeare utilizes the motif of illness to highlight how Macbeth’s thirst for power has led Scotland into tyranny. Illness symbolizes the decay of Macbeth’s morals along with the fall of Scotland. Quotations with explanations: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Illness Motif or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scene 4 Act 3 Lines 169-181 Context: Malcolm and Macduff are speaking; the doctor enters and reports on the well-being of a cured patient. Macduff asks about the illness, Malcolm explains that the English King has healing powers. Explanation: This depiction of the king of England stands in an obvious contrast to descriptions of Macbeth. The king is shown to be one of the best of men, illustrated by his healing. His â€Å"heavenly gift of prophecy† allows his country to prosper. However, Macbeth’s forsight has led into a dark cave that it cannot escape from until Macbeth is dead. â€Å"Sundry blessings† hang around the English throne, while curses hang around the Scottish. 2. Scene 5 Act 4 Lines 62-64 Context: Just after Macbeth receives news of the soldiers marching against him, the doctor delivers a short but horrendous report of the condition of Macbeth’s wife. Macbeth compares the shambled state of his country to the unfortunate state of his wife. Explanation: In asking the doctor for a cure for Scotland, Macbeth displays that he finally notices the consequences of his actions. However, he is not admitting to his own actions being the cause of his country’s â€Å"disease. † This is said just after Macbeth has been told of the army marching toward the castle, and of the desertion of his nobles, which illuminates that the real illness in the country is him, Macbeth. By asking the doctor to purge Scotland of her disease, Macbeth is really asking the doctor to cure Scotland by removing him. 3. Act 3 Scene 4 Lines 51-55 Context: Lennox and another character are speaking of the political terror in Scotland, and Lennox comments on the desire for Macduff to return soon and save Scotland from the tyranny of Macbeth. Explanation: Before Macbeth’s thirst for power overcame his good nature, these two lords were close followers of Macbeth and obeyed his every command. Now that Macbeth has been utterly corrupted, Lennox is praying that the English rescue Scotland from their tyrant of a leader. Lennox describes Macbeth as having â€Å"a hand accursed† showing that any respect that he had for him has now vanished. Macbeth has shed all of his supporters and has put the country that he once longed to rule in terrible suffering. Quotes with context only: 1. Act 5 Scene 1 Lines 75-77 Context: The doctor sees firsthand the sleepwalking, and talking, and crying that Lady Macbeth does while asleep and says why he thinks she is doing it. . Act 5 Scene 3 Lines 49-55 Context: The doctor announces to Macbeth that his wife is not physically ill, but that her minds troubles are preventing her from sleeping. Macbeth then asks the doctor why he does not just drug her so she could sleep. 3. Act 1 Scene 5 Lines 18-20 Context: After receiving the letter from Macbeth about the witches’ prophecy, Lady Macbeth wonders whether Macbeth has the courage and bru tality to kill Duncan to become king, as the witches said. 4. Act 2 Scene 2 Lines 68-70 context: Macbeth returns from killing Duncan and is not able to put the knives back in the room. Lady Macbeth insults Macbeth by calling him weak and places the knives by the guards herself. 5. Act 2 Scene 3 Lines 25-26 context: Macbeth has just sent two murderers to kill Banquo and is now haunted by his past treasons. He dwells on how even through the pain that he had run Duncan through with his dagger, at least Duncan is able to rest, unlike him. How to cite Macbeth Illness Motif, Papers

Genomic DNA Library-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Genomic DNA Liabrary. Answer: Introduction Bacillus subtilis is a Gram positive and rod shaped microorganism. It produces dormant and heat resistant spores and is non-pathogenic (Leggett et al., 2012). The genomic DNA of B. subtilis is circular and is approximately 42,14,630 base pairs, with a GC content of 43.5% and encodes 4100 proteins (van Dijl Hecker, 2013). It is a soil bacterium and is used for the production of many industrial products like commercial enzymes like proteases and amylases, vitamins like riboflavin, supplements like poly gamma glutamic acid, flavoring agent ribose, industrial nucleotides, among others (Singh et al., 2016). Its genome can be easily manipulated and as a result can be used in genetic engineering. It is the best characterized of among all the Gram-positive bacteria species having low GC content. Genomic DNA libraries are collections of genomic DNA sequences from an organism. This type of library consists of all the gene sequences present in the genome of the organism. Each clone consists of at least on one copy of the DNA sequences or genes present in the genome. The whole genome of the organism is represented by a set of genes or DNA segments inserted into a vector DNA molecule. Genomic library serves many purposes. It helps to determine the whole genome sequence of an organism, helps in the study of the functions of the genes or regulatory sequences; it helps to determine the presence of any genetic alterations or mutations, particularly in cancer tissues, helps in expression of genes that encodes proteins of industrial or commercial importance. It can also help in the production of novel pharmaceutical products (Rohland Reich, 2012). Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of the genetic organization of an organism using the technique of recombinant DNA technology. It helps in the transfer of genes from one organism and its subsequent expression in another organism. Apart from inserting new genes, genetic engineering also involves the mutation of knocking out of genes in an organism. Genetically modified organisms, particularly bacteria have been used in the past to produce insulin, human growth hormone, industrial enzymes that are used in laundry detergents, among others. This technique has also been used for the production of genetically modified crops or GMOs (Nielsen, 2013). The overall purpose of this report is to create a genomic DNA library using the genome of the organism B. subtilis, followed by its subsequent confirmation steps to determine success of the process. Results Lab 3 results The genomic DNA of B. subtilis that was isolated during Lab 2 were used for the subsequent cloning steps. The concentration of the genomic DNA was 44ng/l. The isolated genomic DNA was used to create the recombinant plasmids present in the genomic DNA library. The genomic DNA was digested with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII to yield the different DNA fragments or inserts that will be ligated to the similarly digested plasmid DNA vector (pUC18) to create recombinant plasmids that are transformed into the Escherichia coli DH5 cells. The samples subjected to restriction digestion were incubated at 37C for 1 hour, followed by incubation at 80 C for 10 minutes to inactivate the restriction enzymes. The respective digestion products of the genomic DNA and plasmid DNA were subjected to ligation. For this, the sample was incubated at 45 C to denature the reannealed digested products, followed by ligation at 18 C for 30 minutes. The ligation reaction was then incubated at 65 C for 1 0 minutes. The ligated products were subsequently transformed into E. coli DH5 cells. The transformants were plated on LB agar plates containing X-gal, IPTG and Ampicillin. Lab 4 results The ratio of blue to white colonies obtained after incubation of the transformed plates were 3:8. The control plates that were used includes positive control plates, where an previously prepared recombinant plasmid was transformed into the E. coli cells, which gave rise to white colonies indicating the presence of recombinant plasmids. The no T4 ligase control plate did not show the presence of any colonies, the no transformation plate also did not show the presence of the colonies and the digested and re-ligated pUC18 plasmid DNA gave rise to blue colonies (Apppendix, Figures 1-4). The recombinant plasmid DNA was isolated from one of the white colonies obtained from the experimental plates. The concentration of the plasmid DNA was 621.1ng/l and the 260:280 ratio was 2.12 as determined by sing the Nanodrop Spectrophotometer. The isolated recombinant plasmid was subjected to single and double restriction digestion by the use of HindIII and EcoRI/HindIII, respectively. This was used to confirm the presence of the insert in the plasmid DNA. Single digestion of the recombinant plasmid will produce a shift with the digested vector DNA pUC18, while double digestion will help to obtain the insert present in the recombinant plasmid. The digested products were run in an agarose gel with respective controls and DNA ladder in order to determine the size of the insert that was ligated into the pUC18 plasmid DNA. Lab 5 results The distances (in mm) travelled by the DNA bands present in the DNA ladder were determined for both the gels 1 and 3(Appendix, Table 1, Figures 5 and 6) and subsequently plotted along with the length of the DNA bands in base pairs. The X- axis represents the DNA length and the Y- axis represents the distance travelled. A logarithmic trendline was found to be appropriate for the DNA ladders of both Gel 1 and 3 (Appendix, Figures 7 and 8). Calculations were carried out using the equation present in the standard curves to determine the sizes of the DNA bands present in the gel 1 (control samples, Figure 5) and gel 3 (Experimental gel, Figure 6). The sizes of the DNA bands are provided in Table 2 (Appendix). In gel 1, the uncut pUC 18 had three bands of sizes 8103, 3827 and 2980bp, respectively. The double digested pUC18 and the control genomic DNA had one band of sizes approximately 2697bp and 12088bp, respectively. The control uncut, single digested and double digested recombinant plasmid had two bands each of sizes approximately 4447.1 and 2208.3bp, 2697 and 735bp, 2697 and 665.1bp, respectively (Appendix, Figure 5). In gel 3, the genomic DNA, uncut and single digested recombinant DNA had only one band of sizes approximately 13359bp, 3640bp and 3400bp, respectively. The double digested recombinant DNA had two bands of sizes approximately 2697bp and 692bp, respectively. The foreign DNA insert obtained after double digestion of the recombinant plasmid with EcoRI/HindIII was approximately 692bp (Appendix, Figure 6). While the single digested product was 3400bp approximately, the sizes of the DNA bands in the double digested product adds up to 3389bp, which is more or less the same as the DNA size obtained in the case of single digestion. The single digestion of the control recombinant plasmid yielded two bands, while the single digestion of the experimental recombinant plasmid yielded one band (Appendix, Figures 5 and 6). Discussion The aim of this report was to generate a genomic DNA library. For this, the genomic DNA of B. subtilis and pUC18 plasmid DNA were digested and ligated. Transformants obtained showed that the ratio of the blue to white colonies were 3:8. Thus, the number of clones containing recombinant plasmids were much higher than the clones carrying the empty vector pUC18. Therefore, maximum number of inserts obtained after digestion of the genomic DNA had undergone ligation with the similarly digested plasmid DNA supporting the success of the experiment. The white colonies were obtained as a result of disruption of the lacZ gene present in the multiple cloning site (MCS) of the vector. However, some single digested vectors were present that gave rise to the blue colonies, since the lacZ gene remained intact and utilized the X-gal substrate to produce the blue color. Moreover, the recombinant plasmid obtained was confirmed by double digestion, which yielded DNA bands of sizes 2697 and 692 bp. Thes e two are the sizes of the vector pUC18 (2697bp) and the foreign DNA insert (692bp). Moreover, the single digested product gave a single DNA band of size 3400bp, which is the same when the sizes of the double digested products are added up. The sizes of the DNA bands obtained after digestion of the control recombinant plasmids indicated that the parent plasmid here was also pUC18. Moreover, the single digestion of this control recombinant plasmid revealed that the enzyme used had two sites, thereby giving rise to two bands, like that in the case of double digestion, however the sizes of the inserts obtained in both the cases were slightly different. The problems that were encountered in the process were no colonies were obtained in the experimental plate. This result could be due to the presence of various discrepancies. These include: (1) improper purification during genomic and plasmid DNA preparation. Presence of ethanol, phenol and chloroform can inhibit or interfere with restriction digestion (Naushad et al., 2012). (2) Improper inactivation of restriction enzymes can interfere with the subsequent ligation steps, preventing successful ligation. (3) Inappropriate preparation of competent cells can also prevent the uptake of the recombinant DNA, thereby preventing the appearance of colonies on the plates (O'Connell, 2012). (4) Star activity can cause the DNA could be cut at non-specific sites by the restriction enzymes (Lundin et al., 2015). Other odd results that were obtained is the presence of blue colonies in the experimental plate and the presence of white colonies in the pUC 18 control plates. The blue colonies in the e xperimental plate indicates the presence of single digested or undigested plasmid vectors that have re-ligated, even after incubation at 45C to denature the reannealed products. This may be due to inappropriate or insufficient incubation at the desired temperature, since, only white colonies are expected in the experimental plate. The control plate containing only pUC18 is expected to give rise to only blue colonies, however, mutations in the lacZ gene present in the plasmid can give rise to white colonies. Another odd result was that when plasmid DNA was isolated from some of the white colonies from the experimental plates and subjected to double digestion did not give rise to the insert DNA, indicating that those white colonies consisted of only pUC18, where the lacZ gene got mutated. Additional experiments that can be carried out includes polymerase chain reaction using vector specific primers to amplify the gene of interest and subsequent sequencing to determine the DNA sequence of the insert (Erlich, 2015). The genomic DNA library can be used to identify specific genes from the B. subtilis genome that can encode protein products of commercial value. After identification, large amounts of the desired protein product can be obtained by the addition of IPTG, which acts as a gratuitous inducer. Moreover, the insert can be cloned in the pET vectors and transformed into BL21(DE3) for production of large quantities of protein products. The purpose of this application is the overexpression of the gene of interest to produce large quantities of protein products, which can be isolated and purified. The blue white screening is based on the principle of -complementation. It is based on the presence of the lacZ gene. lacZ encodes -galactosidase, which is a tetramer having and fragments. E. coli cells that lack the fragment, have non-functional fragments and as a result the -galactosidase is inactive. However, the functionality of the fragment can be restored by the introduction of a plasmid expressing the fragment in trans. Thus, the and fragment gives rise to the functional -galactosidase enzyme. The lacZ gene of the plasmid is present in the MCS and when an insert gets introduced into the MCS, the lacZ gene gets disrupted (Dooda et al., 2015). IPTG and X-gal is added to the LB media. IPTG acts as the inducer and X-gal acts as the chromogenic substrate. Non-functional lacZ gene product cannot degrade the substrate to produce blue color and instead gives rise to white colonies, while functional lacZ gene product degrades the substrate to produce blue colonies. The recombin ant plasmids express non-functional LacZ and produces white colonies, while the empty plasmids express functional LacZ and produce blue colonies (Stevenson et al., 2013). DH5 cells are M15 strains, in which N-terminal 11-41 amino acid residues ( fragment) of LacZ is deleted and the residual fragment alone is inactive. Thus, the DH5 strain is suitable for blue white screening as it will give rise to blue colonies only if a plasmid expressing the fragment is transformed into the cells (Mahmoud et al., 2015). Reference List Dooda, M. K., Kushwaha, A., Hasan, A., Kushwaha, M. (2015). Cloning of gene coding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase using puc18 vector.European Journal of Experimental Biology,5(3), 52-57. Erlich, H. (2015).PCR technology: principles and applications for DNA amplification. Springer. Leggett, M. J., McDonnell, G., Denyer, S. P., Setlow, P., Maillard, J. Y. (2012). Bacterial spore structures and their protective role in biocide resistance.Journal of applied microbiology,113(3), 485-498. Lundin, S., Jemt, A., Terje-Hegge, F., Foam, N., Pettersson, E., Kller, M., Lundeberg, J. (2015). Endonuclease specificity and sequence dependence of type IIS restriction enzymes.PLoS One,10(1), e0117059. Mahmoud, E. A., El-Kazzaz, A. A., Solliman, M. E. D. M., Ahmed, O. K., El-Shabrawi, H. M., Ghanem, S. A., El-Shemy, H. A. (2015). Isolation and cloning of genomic dna sequence encoding the pvPDF defensin gene.International Journal of Academic Research,7(1). Naushad, M., ALOthman, Z. A., Khan, A. B., Ali, M. (2012). Effect of ionic liquid on activity, stability, and structure of enzymes: a review.International journal of biological macromolecules,51(4), 555-560. Nielsen, J. (2013). Production of biopharmaceutical proteins by yeast: advances through metabolic engineering.Bioengineered,4(4), 207-211. O'Connell, M. P. (2012). 1.1 Genetic Transfer in Prokaryotes: Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation.Advanced Molecular Genetics, 1. Rohland, N., Reich, D. (2012). Cost-effective, high-throughput DNA sequencing libraries for multiplexed target capture.Genome research,22(5), 939-946. Singh, R., Kumar, M., Mittal, A., Mehta, P. K. (2016). Microbial enzymes: industrial progress in 21st century.3 Biotech,6(2), 174. Stevenson, J., Krycer, J. R., Phan, L., Brown, A. J. (2013). A practical comparison of ligation-independent cloning techniques.PLoS One,8(12), e83888. van Dijl, J., Hecker, M. (2013). Bacillus subtilis: from soil bacterium to super-secreting cell factory.Microbial cell factories,12(1), 3